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　　济南伸缩棚凭借灵活的伸缩功能，在商业展览、仓储遮阳、户外活动等场景中广泛应用，其伸缩原理依托机械结构与动力系统的协同运作，通过有序的部件联动实现棚体的展开与收缩。适应济南四季分明的气候特点，伸缩棚需在高温、多雨、大风等环境下保持稳定运行，其原理设计既注重操作便捷性，又兼顾结构性，确保在不同场景中发挥作用。

　　Jinan retractable sheds are widely used in commercial exhibitions, warehouse shading, outdoor activities, and other scenarios due to their flexible expansion and contraction functions. Their expansion and contraction principles rely on the coordinated operation of mechanical structures and power systems, and the orderly linkage of components to achieve the expansion and contraction of the shed. Adapting to the distinct climate characteristics of four seasons in Jinan, the retractable shed needs to maintain stable operation in environments such as high temperature, heavy rain, and strong winds. Its principle design emphasizes both operational convenience and structural safety, ensuring efficient performance in different scenarios.

　　骨架结构的嵌套与滑动是伸缩的基础，决定棚体展开与收缩的范围。伸缩棚的骨架多采用铝合金或镀锌钢管，主框架由多组平行的伸缩架组成，每组伸缩架包含固定段与活动段，通过嵌套式设计实现相对滑动。固定段钢管内壁设有凹槽，活动段钢管端部的滑轮嵌入凹槽内，使活动段可沿固定段轴向移动，移动过程中滑轮减少摩擦阻力，确保伸缩顺畅。相邻伸缩架之间通过横向连杆连接，连杆两端采用铰链结构，当骨架展开时，连杆随伸缩架角度变化而伸展，形成稳定的三角形支撑结构，提升整体刚性；收缩时，连杆折叠收拢，带动各伸缩架同步靠拢，使棚体体积缩小原尺寸的 1/3-1/5，节省存放空间。济南地区冬季多风，骨架连接处的锁止装置（如弹簧卡扣、手动旋钮）在展开后可自动或手动锁定，防止风力导致骨架回缩。

　　The nesting and sliding of the skeleton structure are the foundation of expansion and contraction, determining the range of expansion and contraction of the shed. The skeleton of the telescopic shed is mostly made of aluminum alloy or galvanized steel pipes, and the main frame is composed of multiple sets of parallel telescopic frames. Each set of telescopic frames includes a fixed section and a movable section, and relative sliding is achieved through nested design. The inner wall of the fixed section steel pipe is equipped with a groove, and the pulley at the end of the movable section steel pipe is embedded in the groove, allowing the movable section to move axially along the fixed section. During the movement, the pulley reduces frictional resistance, ensuring smooth expansion and contraction. Adjacent telescopic frames are connected by transverse connecting rods, and the two ends of the connecting rods adopt hinge structures. When the skeleton is unfolded, the connecting rods extend with the angle change of the telescopic frame, forming a stable triangular support structure and enhancing the overall rigidity; When shrinking, the connecting rod folds and collapses, driving the various telescopic frames to approach synchronously, reducing the volume of the shed to 1/3-1/5 of its original size and saving storage space. The winter in Jinan area is windy, and the locking devices (such as spring buckles and manual knobs) at the joints of the skeleton can be automatically or manually locked after deployment to prevent the skeleton from retracting due to wind force.

　　动力系统的驱动为伸缩提供动力，根据棚体大小采用不同驱动方式。小型伸缩棚（跨度 5 米以内）多采用手动驱动，通过摇柄连接齿轮箱，摇动时齿轮带动链条或钢丝绳牵引伸缩架，利用杠杆原理节省人力，单人即可完成操作，适合商铺门前等小范围使用场景。中大型伸缩棚（跨度 5-15 米）则配备电动驱动系统，由电机通过减速器输出动力，经传动轴带动两侧的齿条或螺杆转动，齿条与伸缩架上的齿轮啮合，在电机正反转时驱动骨架展开或收缩。电动系统配备控制面板，可通过按钮、遥控器或智能终端操作，部分高端产物具备行程限位功能，当棚体达到展开或收缩位置时自动停机，避免过度操作导致结构损坏，适应济南、广场等需要快速启闭的场所。

　　The drive of the power system provides power for expansion and contraction, and different driving methods are adopted according to the size of the shed. Small telescopic sheds (with a span of less than 5 meters) are often manually driven, connected to a gearbox through a handle. When shaken, the gear drives a chain or steel wire rope to pull the telescopic frame, using the lever principle to save manpower. It can be operated by a single person and is suitable for small-scale use scenarios such as in front of shops. Medium to large-sized telescopic sheds (with a span of 5-15 meters) are equipped with an electric drive system. The motor outputs power through a reducer and drives the racks or screws on both sides to rotate through a transmission shaft. The racks mesh with the gears on the telescopic frame and drive the skeleton to expand or contract when the motor rotates forward or backward. The electric system is equipped with a control panel that can be operated through buttons, remote controls, or smart terminals. Some high-end products have a travel limit function, which automatically stops when the shed reaches the maximum expansion or contraction position, avoiding structural damage caused by excessive operation. It is suitable for places such as Jinan shopping malls and squares that require quick opening and closing.

　　布料张紧与收纳的协同保障伸缩过程中篷布的平整与。篷布采用耐磨、防水的 PVC 涂层布或帆布，两端分别固定在骨架的固定端与活动端，中间通过卡扣或魔术贴与骨架连接。展开时，随着骨架伸展，篷布被均匀拉伸，通过张紧装置（如弹簧拉杆、可调卡扣）保持适当张力，确保表面平整无褶皱，有效遮挡阳光或雨水；收缩时，篷布随骨架收拢而折叠，折叠方向与骨架伸缩方向一致，避免因折叠不当造成布料撕裂。针对济南夏季强紫外线环境，部分篷布表面涂有抗老化涂层，在反复伸缩折叠过程中不易出现开裂，同时布料与骨架接触部位采用包边处理，增强耐磨性，延长使用寿命。

　　The coordination of fabric tension and storage ensures the smoothness and safety of the tarpaulin during the stretching process. The tarpaulin is made of wear-resistant and waterproof PVC coated cloth or canvas, with both ends fixed to the fixed and movable ends of the skeleton, and connected to the skeleton through buckles or Velcro in the middle. When unfolded, as the skeleton extends, the tarpaulin is evenly stretched and maintained with appropriate tension through tensioning devices (such as spring pull rods, adjustable buckles) to ensure a smooth and wrinkle free surface, effectively blocking sunlight or rain; When shrinking, the tarpaulin folds along with the skeleton, and the folding direction is consistent with the direction of the skeleton's expansion and contraction, to avoid tearing the fabric due to improper folding. In view of the strong ultraviolet environment in Jinan in summer, some tarpaulins are coated with anti-aging coating, which is not easy to crack in the repeated expansion and folding process. At the same time, the contact part between the cloth and the skeleton is wrapped to enhance the wear resistance and extend the service life.

　　导向与限位装置确保伸缩轨迹精准，防止部件偏移或碰撞。在骨架底部或侧面设有导向轨，活动段底部的滑块嵌入导向轨内，限制伸缩架只能沿直线方向移动，避免因受力不均导致骨架歪斜。大型伸缩棚的导向轨末端安装缓冲装置（如橡胶垫、弹簧），当棚体收缩极限位置时，活动段与缓冲装置接触，减少撞击力，保护部件。部分伸缩棚配备同步控制系统，通过传感器监测两侧骨架的伸缩速度，若出现单侧滞后（偏差超过 5cm），系统会自动调整电机输出，使两侧保持同步，防止因受力失衡导致骨架变形，这种设计在济南多风天气下能提升棚体的抗风稳定性。

　　The guiding and limiting devices ensure precise expansion and contraction trajectories, preventing component displacement or collision. There are guide rails at the bottom or side of the skeleton, and the sliding block at the bottom of the movable section is embedded in the guide rail to restrict the telescopic frame from moving only in a straight line direction, avoiding the skeleton from tilting due to uneven force. A buffer device (such as rubber pad, spring) is installed at the end of the guide rail of a large retractable shed. When the shed body shrinks to the extreme position, the movable section comes into contact with the buffer device to reduce the impact force and protect the components. Part of the retractable shed is equipped with a synchronous control system, which monitors the expansion speed of the skeleton on both sides through sensors. If there is a single-sided lag (deviation exceeding 5cm), the system will automatically adjust the motor output to keep both sides synchronized and prevent skeleton deformation caused by unbalanced force. This design can improve the wind resistance stability of the shed in windy weather in Jinan.

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